Merchant of Venice (Anti- Semitism)

Addressing Humanity The Merchant Of Venice In the Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, Shylock is depicted as a manipulative, avaricious, and cash hungry man who, all through the book, is overwhelmed by the decay of his adversaries. On account of the predominant enemy of Semitic slant in Shakespeare's time, you would normally accept that the Merchant of Venice is an enemy of Semitic play. Be that as it may, as you keep on looking at the content, Shakespeare depicts Shylock in a substantially more human manner than was commonly done back then and he shows that Shylock is, truth be told, a piece of humanity.Shakespeare challenges hostile to Semitism by demonstrating that Jews are much the same as Christians. He does this by demonstrating how the defects that individuals have are what make us human. Indeed, even today, Shakespeare shows the world how deceptive individuals can be, regardless of their religion, race, or individual convictions. Shakespeare utilizes incongruity in thi s play to outline that the terrible things that Shylock (the Jew) has done are no more regrettable than what Antonio (the Christian) has done in his lifetime.Therefore, this makes the impact of refining the characters and shows that paying little mind to religion or race, individuals have both great and awful sides. In spite of the fact that Shylock’s Jewishness is made clear from the exact second he is presented, and in this way appears to fortify Shakespeare’s fill in as being hostile to Semitic, it is in certainty Shylock’s mind and mankind that uncover how Shakespeare difficulties such inclination. Before Shylock even enters the play, the scene presentation makes reference to that he is a Jew⠭â ­ and quickly sets your psyche against him, particularly in Elizabethan England when Jews were alienated.Shylock cited, â€Å"[Antonio] hath disfavored me [Shylock] and ruined me a large portion of a million, snickered at my misfortunes, derided at my benefits, d espised my country, upset my deals, cooled my companions, warmed mine enemiesâ€and what’s his explanation? I [Shylock] am a Jew. (3:1:52). † While Jews were despised in view of their strict convictions, Shakespeare clarified that every strict gathering detested one another. For instance, Shylock says, â€Å"I detest him for he is a Christian (1:3:40). † Therefore, in spite of the fact that Shylock is made the â€Å"bad guy† in this play, he isn’t the just a single blameworthy of strict discrimination.Shakespeare clarifies that both Antonio and Shylock have no strict resistance for one another and are biased toward each other’s religion. In spite of the fact that William Shakespeare persuades that Shylock is partial toward Christians, the purpose behind his disdain turns out to be clear when you discover that he is a man who is manhandled by the Christians encompassing him. Shylock has a purpose behind his scorn, â€Å"You call me skeptic, vicious pooch, And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine. 1:3:121)† Shylock shields his disdain when he says, â€Å" Hath not a Jew Eyes? Hath not a Jew Hands, organs, measurements, detects, expressions of love, interests? Taken care of with a similar food, hurt with similar weapons, subject to similar infections, mended by similar methods, warmed and cooled by a similar winter and summer as a Christian seems to be? In the event that you prick us, do we not drain? On the off chance that you stimulate us, do we not giggle? In the event that you harm us do we not kick the bucket? What's more, in the event that you wrong us, will we not vengeance? In the event that we resemble you in the rest, we will take after you in that.If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his modesty? Vengeance. On the off chance that a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his toleration be by Christian model? Why, retribution! (3:1: 52)† Therefore, it is Shylock’s human instinct that drives him to scorn Christians, not in light of their strict convictions straightforwardly, but since of their contempt of him basically due to his strict convictions. Shylock safeguards his mankind by demonstrating the Christians that they are the same as the Jews they treat with such disrespect.Shylock has a craving for retribution, which further acculturates him and associates him with Antonio. As a result of Shakespeare’s selection of words, he persuades that he is an enemy of Semitic. In any case, a more intensive glance at how Shakespeare shapes the play represents a more profound themeâ€that individuals are individuals, regardless of their religion, race, or convictions. Shylock doesn’t preform his activities since he is a Jew, he is just mean as a result of the manner in which different characters treat him. Shylock says, â€Å"I have made a solemn vow that I will have my bond.Thou call’dst me hound before thou hadst a reason, But since I am a canine, be careful my tee th. † Shylock's activities are supported due to the manner in which different characters treat him. . Christian retribution is run of the mill; in this way, Jewish vengeance can’t be blamed. While Shylock is mean in view of the pitiless treatment he has gotten for an amazing duration, Antonio has no reason. Shylock causes you to understand that while Shakespeare may give the appearance that he is an enemy of Semitist, he truly accepts that all individuals are equivalent and disdain is universal.At the day's end, Shakespeare demonstrates that it is Shylock’s mankind that makes him simply like every other person. He shows that the contentions in The Merchant of Venice may begin on account of strict contrasts; in any case, the real message is all the more how the longing for retribution is something all individuals share for all intents and purpose, notwithstanding some other contrasts in their lives. Shylock challenges the generalizations given to him in the start of the book and makes an intricate character whose conduct is advocated as a result of the manner in which different characters treat him.The Merchant of Venice shows that no essayists must be limited by the preferences of their time. While Shakespeare most likely never met a Jew in the course of his life, he demonstrated that religion doesn’t characterize who an individual is. A few people may contend that since Shakespeare gives Shylock the cliché Jewish attributes, he is clearly hostile to Semitic. In any case, Shakespeare demonstrates through Shylock that his expectation wasn’t to underline against Semitism, yet to show that all individuals have both great and terrible sides to them.

Giving Guantanamo back to Cuba Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Giving Guantanamo back to Cuba - Case Study Example In spite of the fact that it is begging to be proven wrong, I am of the sentiment that sooner or later we may have lost our generosity. I have presumably that the United States is after the prosperity of people around the world, yet that doesn't mean we should let our feet of the gas and underestimate the happenings at Guantanamo cove. I state so in light of the fact that for longer than 10 years we have permitted our legislature to utilize pressure in Guantanamo cove detainment camp. Without precedent for a few, we have kept up firm stance stands and committed human nobility to insensibility. As I would see it, I think the key players who participate during the time spent national dynamic have supported an inappropriate pony. This is on the grounds that they have additional time watched with crossed hands the dreary conditions under which the individuals who remain at the Guantanamo narrows confinement camp set up with consistently. In dealing with this venture depiction, I will accept the job of the Secretary of State and shed light on how I can address the issues raised by Jonathan M. Hansen in his article titled Give Guantanamo Back to Cuba. I will assess the most ideal activity components we can utilize to settle the issue. Simultaneously, I will talk about the connection between the game-plans with the point of safeguarding our national advantages. Advantageous to the previously mentioned, I am going to assess the chance of giving over the authority of Guantanamo sound Island to Cuba and gauge the outcomes of such an activity. Since its creation by the Congress in 1789, the State Department under the attentive gaze of the Secretary of State has ascended to get one of the most viewed workplaces in the United-States as well as around the world. As the Secretary of State, I would place into utilization my obligation as the President’s prime counselor on US international strategy and prescribe the conclu sion to American guideline at the Cuban based Guantanamo inlet confinement camp. I am persuaded by a wide margin, that the conclusion of the Guantanamo sound confinement camp will empower the US to be the overseer of two of its most significant national interests: qualities and worldwide association. I state so on the grounds that those suspects confined at the camp are exposed to undignified treatment. First off, those confined at the office are as yet honest and the investigators are still during the time spent demonstrating that they are liable for the different wrongdoing charges they are confronting (Air University, 2012). On the off chance that ongoing measurements gathered from the office are anything to pass by, at that point the way that just one out of 172 prisoners is put to preliminary is much additionally stressing. I would guarantee the sanctioning of laws that leave the military, which is our primary instrument of intensity at the office with no decision yet to guaran tee that they treat the suspects with respect and goodness. I would finish the physical maltreatment that the suspects consistently experience. This is attainable by punishing intensely those military officials who hurt the hostages (Air University, 2013). During the progress procedure, I would suggest data as an instrument of intensity. Data will come out through appropriate direction and guiding of the hostages. Direction and guiding is basic since it empowers the prisoners to realize that there is trust in the midst of the considerable number of tribulations they face. Another explanation with regards to why data as an instrument of intensity ought to be utilized during change is on the grounds that, of the reasons for death at the office. Late investigations taken from the Guantanamo ba

Using Burglary Essay Samples For Your Medical School Admission Test

Using Burglary Essay Samples For Your Medical School Admission TestDo you know that there are several types of burglary essay samples to be used by medical students, especially if they plan to take this particular test in their curriculum? This is a reason why I decided to write this article, so that I will be able to give you some more useful tips on how to prepare for this exam.When it comes to exams, there are things that you should know that would be able to help you pass your exam, and those are the elements that you have to incorporate into your study. This would include those things that you have to do in order to be able to answer all questions on the exam. There are a lot of elements that you have to be familiar with, but they are just not that hard to learn.One important element that you need to be familiar with is the research that you will be doing. You need to be familiar with the topic that you will be working on, and you also need to be familiar with the research mater ials that are available to you. This is something that you need to be familiar with, because you will need to be familiar with this information if you are going to get a high grade in this exam.When it comes to the various types of essays that you can use to use for your test, there are several of them that are going to be covered by the burglaries essay samples. These essays are going to help you understand all of the different aspects of burglary that you need to know about. You also need to be able to know what you have to do in order to get a high grade in this exam. This is something that you will have to know, because you will be using these essays as a way to get a higher grade on the exam.There are a lot of different topics that you can use, but you need to be sure that you read through them all before you take the exam. You can use all of the essay samples from this category if you want to, and this is going to help you to remember them as well. You can also read through al l of the topics that are used by the previous students, and this will allow you to get an idea of what the exam will be like.Another important component that you need to be familiar with is the fact that there are some things that you need to know about before you take the exam. This is going to help you understand what you have to do, and what you should do when it comes to answering questions correctly. This is a very important aspect of studying, and it is one that you can make sure that you understand all of the details of.Most of the essay samples that you will find for this exam are going to give you hints and tips about this subject. Some of them are going to tell you to write down what you have learned, and some of them are going to tell you to get a high grade on the exam. This is something that you should be aware of, and you should keep in mind that the essay samples that you are using are going to be your guide on how to pass this exam.There are a lot of different tests that you can take, and some of them are going to be harder than others. If you want to learn how to study for these tests, then you need to find out what you need to do to help you study properly for these tests. These are the elements that you need to know, and you should know them.

Essay on The Death of Ivan Ilyich Spiritual Awakening

The Death of Ivan Ilyich:nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Spiritual Awakeningnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; He went to his study, lay down, and once again was left alone with it. Face to face with It, unable to do anything with It. Simply look at It and grow numb with horror (Tolstoy, 97). Death takes on an insidious persona as it eats away at Ivan Ilyich, a man horrified at the prospect of losing his life. Even more horrifying is the realization that despite his prominence and prosperity as a Russian high court judge, Ilyich has done nothing to make his life worth saving. The Death of Ivan Ilyich begins at the end, with his associates receiving the news of his passing. Here, Tolstoy emphasizes the diffident attitude the living†¦show more content†¦From here, he develops a mysterious degenerative disease that causes him great pain and mental anguish. His familiars remain indifferent to his plight, driving him to greater anger, despair, and desperation. With exhausting pain and sorrow, Ilyich reassesses the value of his life in his final hours, allowing him to confront his imminent death with greater honor than he had ever achieved in his life. The pathos of these ending scenes display Tolstoys brilliance in characterization. Through his grotesque description of the illness itself: the morphine shots, reoccurring pains, and the degradation of assisted bowel movements, Tolstoy yields not only audience sympathy, but actual empathy for poor Ilyich. Suffering, under any circumstances, is universally understood. So too, is the terrifying prospect of losing ones life. Whereas no one around him can understand and react to his misery, the reader is driven to pity him. The death of Ivan Ilyich comes as a relief to all. Ilyich is relieved from the pain of dying and living a lie, his friends and family are relieved of obligation to the dying man, and the reader is relieved of a most harrowing emotional journey. Initially, Tolstoy presents himself with a formidable challenge, eliciting compassion for a character that does not ostensibly deserve any sympathy. However, Tolstoy expands Ivan Ilyich into a complex protagonist with artlessShow MoreRelatedThe Appearance Of Gerasim Brings Light For The Gloomy Story1271 Words   |  6 Pagesopposite of Ivan, and he has all wonderful virtues. He has kindly seen his job in Ivan is a kind of help and duty to the dying people; he comforts and heals Ivan in some degree, as Tolstoy describes, â€Å"Gerasim did it all easily, willingly, simply, and with a good nature that touched Ivan Ilych. Health, strength, and vitality in other people were offensive to him, but Gerasim s strength and vitality did not mortify but soothed him.† Even Gerasim just a poor peasant who is socially subordinate to Ivan IlyichRead More Futility of Life in The Death of Ivan Ilyich Essay2748 Words   |  11 PagesFutility of Life in The Death of Ivan Ilyich      Ã‚   Count Leo Tolstoy is considered Russia’s greatest novelist and one of its most influential moral philosophers. As such, he is also one of the most complex individuals for historians of literature to deal with. His early work sought to replace romanticized glory with realistic views. A good example of this is the way he often portrayed battle as an unglamorous act performed by ordinary men. After his marriage, though, Tolstoy started to reexamine

The Munich Conference and Munich Agreement in WWII

The Munich Agreement was an astonishingly successful strategy for the Nazi party leader Adolf Hitler (1889–1945) in the months leading up to World War II. The agreement was signed on Sept. 30, 1938, and in it, the powers of Europe willingly conceded to Nazi Germanys demands for the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to keep peace in our time. The Coveted Sudetenland Having occupied Austria beginning in March 1938, Adolf Hitler turned his attention to the ethnically German Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. Since its formation at the end of World War I, Czechoslovakia had been wary of possible German advances. This was largely due to unrest in the Sudetenland, which was fomented by the Sudeten German Party (SdP). Formed in 1931 and led by Konrad Henlein (1898–1945), the SdP was the spiritual successor of several parties that worked to undermine the legitimacy of the Czechoslovakian state in the 1920s and early 1930s. After its creation, the SdP worked to bring the region under German control and, at one point, became the second largest political party in the country. This was accomplished as German Sudeten votes concentrated in the party while Czech and Slovak votes were spread across a constellation of political parties. The Czechoslovak government strongly opposed the loss of the Sudetenland, as the region contained a vast array of natural resources, as well as a significant amount of the nations heavy industry and banks. In addition, as Czechoslovakia was a polyglot country, concerns were present about other minorities seeking independence. Long worried about German intentions, the Czechoslovakians commenced construction of a large series of fortifications in the region beginning in 1935. The following year, after a conference with the French, the scope of the defenses increased and the design began to mirror that used in the Maginot Line along the Franco-German border. To further secure their position, the Czechs were also able to enter into military alliances with France and the Soviet Union. Tensions Rise Having moved toward an expansionist policy in late 1937, Hitler began assessing the situation to the south and ordered his generals to start making plans for an invasion of the Sudetenland. Additionally, he instructed Konrad Henlein to cause trouble. It was Hitlers hope that Henleins supporters would foment enough unrest that it would show that the Czechoslovakians were unable to control the region and provide an excuse for the German Army to cross the border. Politically, Henleins followers called for the Sudeten Germans to be recognized as an autonomous ethnic group, given self-government, and be permitted to join Nazi Germany if they so desired. In response to the actions of Henleins party, the Czechoslovak government was forced to declare martial law in the region. Following this decision, Hitler began demanding that the Sudetenland immediately be turned over to Germany. Diplomatic Efforts As the crisis grew, a war scare spread across Europe, leading Britain and France to take an active interest in the situation, as both nations were eager to avoid a war for which they were not prepared. As such, the French government followed the path set by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (1869–1940), who believed that the Sudeten Germans grievances had merit. Chamberlain also thought that Hitlers broader intentions were limited in scope and could be contained. In May, France and Britain recommended to Czechoslovakian President  Edvard BeneÃ… ¡ (1844–1948) that he give in to Germanys demands. Resisting this advice,  BeneÃ… ¡ instead ordered a partial mobilization of the army. As tensions grew through the summer,  BeneÃ… ¡ accepted a British mediator, Walter Runciman (1870–1949), in early August. Meeting with both sides, Runciman and his team were able to convince BeneÃ… ¡ to grant the Sudeten Germans autonomy. Despite this breakthrough, the SdP was under strict orders from Germany not to accept any compromise settlements.  Ã‚   Chamberlain Steps In In an attempt to calm the situation, Chamberlain sent a telegram to Hitler requesting a meeting with the goal of finding a peaceful solution. Traveling to Berchtesgaden on Sept. 15, Chamberlain met with the German leader. Controlling the conversation, Hitler lamented the Czechoslovak persecution of Sudeten Germans and boldly requested that the region be turned over. Unable to make such a concession, Chamberlain departed, stating that he would have to consult with the Cabinet in London and requested that Hitler refrain from military action in the meantime. Though he agreed, Hitler continued military planning. As part of this, the Polish and Hungarian governments were offered part of Czechoslovakia in return for allowing the Germans to take the Sudetenland. Meeting with the Cabinet, Chamberlain was authorized to concede the Sudetenland and received support from the French for such a move. On Sept. 19, 1938, the British and French ambassadors met with the Czechoslovak government and recommended ceding those areas of the Sudetenland where Germans formed more than 50 percent of the population. Largely abandoned by its allies, the Czechoslovakians were forced to agree. Having secured this concession, Chamberlain returned to Germany on Sept. 22 and met with Hitler at Bad Godesberg. Optimistic that a solution had been reached, Chamberlain was stunned when Hitler made new demands. Not happy with the Anglo-French solution, Hitler demanded that German troops be permitted to occupy the entirety of the Sudetenland, that non-Germans be expelled, and that Poland and Hungary be given territorial concessions. After stating that such demands were unacceptable, Chamberlain was told that the terms were to be met or military action would result. Having risked his career and British prestige on the deal, Chamberlain was crushed as he returned home. In response to the German ultimatum, both Britain and France began mobilizing their forces. The Munich Conference Though Hitler was willing to risk war, he soon found that the German people were not. As a result, he stepped back from the brink and sent Chamberlain a letter guaranteeing the safety of Czechoslovakia if the Sudetenland were ceded to Germany. Eager to prevent war, Chamberlain replied that he was willing to continue talks and asked Italian leader Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) to aid in persuading Hitler. In response, Mussolini proposed a four-power summit between Germany, Britain, France, and Italy to discuss the situation. The Czechoslovakians were not invited to take part. Gathering in Munich on Sept. 29, Chamberlain, Hitler, and Mussolini were joined by French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier (1884–1970). Talks progressed through the day and into the night, with a Czechoslovakian delegation forced to wait outside. In the negotiations, Mussolini presented a plan that called for the Sudetenland to be ceded to Germany in exchange for guarantees that it would mark the end of German territorial expansion. Though presented by the Italian leader, the plan had been produced by the German government, and its terms were similar to Hitlers latest ultimatum. Desiring to avoid war, Chamberlain and Daladier were willing to agree to this Italian plan. As a result, the Munich Agreement was signed shortly after 1 a.m. on Sept. 30. This called for German troops to enter the Sudetenland on Oct. 1 with the movement to be completed by Oct. 10. Around 1:30 a.m., the Czechoslovak delegation was informed of the terms by Chamberlain and Daladier. Though initially unwilling to agree, the Czechoslovakians were forced to submit when informed that should a war occur they would be held responsible. Aftermath As a result of the agreement, German forces crossed the border on Oct. 1 and were warmly received by the Sudeten Germans while many Czechoslovakians fled the region. Returning to London, Chamberlain proclaimed that he had secured peace for our time. While many in the British government were pleased with the result, others were not. Commenting on the meeting, Winston Churchill proclaimed the Munich Agreement a total, unmitigated defeat. Having believed that he would have to fight to claim the Sudetenland, Hitler was surprised that Czechoslovakias erstwhile allies readily abandoned the country in order to appease him. Quickly coming to have contempt for Britains and Frances fear of war, Hitler encouraged Poland and Hungary to take parts of Czechoslovakia. Unconcerned about retaliation from the western nations, Hitler moved to take the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939. This was met with no significant response from either Britain or France. Concerned that Poland would be Germanys next target for expansion, both nations pledged their support in guaranteeing Polish independence. Going further, Britain concluded an Anglo-Polish military alliance on Aug. 25. This was quickly activated when Germany invaded Poland on Sept. 1, starting World War II. Selected Sources Munich Pact September 29, 1938. The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Development. Lillian Goldman Law Library 2008. Web. May 30 2018.Holman, Brett. The Sudeten crisis, 1938. Airminded: Airpower and British Society, 1908–1941. Airminded. Web. May 30 2018.

Personality Is The Dynamic Organization Within The...

Reflection Paper According to Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, â€Å"Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought (Allport, 1961, p. 28). Each person has unique characteristic traits that influenced by both biological factors (nature) and experience (nurture). For many years, psychologists have been trying to study the human behavior using different theories of personality. While many theories are rational, the theory of the ‘Unconscious mind’ emphasized by Sigmund Freud most resonated with me in explaining one’s behaviors. Freud stressed the idea of our subconscious and its impact on our personality, using his analogy of the iceberg. Even though, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) did not invent the concept of the conscious versus unconscious mind; he was the primary contributor who expanded on this intrapsychic approach. Freud’s psychodynamic theory of personality assumes that there is an interaction between innate human instinct (sex and aggression) and unconscious motivation. He believes that people are born with two instincts. The two instincts noted by Freud are the life instinct, also known as libido, and the death instinct or Thanatos. Generally, libido was referring to sexual instinct; however, Freud also used it to describe any need satisfying, life-sustaining, or pleasure-oriented urge. Freud also expanded Thanatos as â€Å"any urge to destroy, harm, or aggress againstShow MoreRelatedGordon Allport : Personality Psychology And Trait Theory718 Words   |  3 PagesNovember 11, 1897, is considered the founder of â€Å"personality psychology† and â€Å"trait theory†. Allport, just like any o ther psychologist, had his own definition on what personality is. According to Allport, â€Å" no two psychologists could easily agree on one definition of the term ‘personality’† (Kendall, 2010, p. 282), Allport believed that personality could be characterized in two ways, idiographic and nomothetic; while Freud believed that personality is composed by the Id, Ego and Superego. AllportRead MoreLeadership Goals And Strengths And Weaknesses1214 Words   |  5 Pages Leadership theories in and of themselves carry negative and positives characteristics. Within the various theories lie strengths and weaknesses that when applied to complex problems can highlight each one respectively. As I examine a few theories, I will look at the strengths and weaknesses of each and determine when and with which situation would these theories best be utilized. Collective leadership or distributive leadership, and leader-member exchange are both theories that incorporate specificRead MoreOrganizational Dynamics Issues.. 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A second step is to set the team organization, in a way that each team member is in the position to deliverRead MoreThe Topic Of Emotional Intelligence ( Ei )1495 Words   |  6 PagesThere have been many theories and many different angles of research that psychologists have taken pertaining to EI, but none of that research has been overall conclusive in coming up with factual evi dence of the true nature of EI. There have been many different criticisms concerning EI and it’s different methods of understanding. One psychologist says that, The first criticism is hat even if EI studies tap into the same populations, the result will still be fundamentally different (Lindebaum, 2009)Read More5 Management Principles and Concepts1239 Words   |  5 Pageshave determined that there are five management principles or concepts for which I believe will help me become a more effective individual in my future career endeavors. * Diversity * Recruiting * Team Effectiveness * Leader-member relations * Equity Theory Understanding these five principles of management and using them effectively can help an organization accomplish its goals, while also providing one with the knowledge it takes to achieve a successful career in management. WeRead MorePsychology Study of Personality1207 Words   |  5 Pages Psychology of Personality Final paper Definition of Personality There are many definitions and theories regarding personality. Though there isn’t one specific definition that is acceptable for all the different personality theories, I believe that personality is the outward expression of ones beliefs, morals, and emotions; each of which define and differentiate an individual. Personality is seen to be a pattern of somewhat permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistencyRead MoreDispositional, Evolutionary And Evolutionary Theory1283 Words   |  6 Pagesand Evolutionary Theory Nicholas DeRico PSY/405 August 24, 2015 Dispositional, Biological and Evolutionary Theory Abstract There are many theories that attempt to clarify the structures that influence personality, for example dispositional, and Evolutionary theory. This paper will discuss the differences that are among dispositional and evolutionary personality theories, as well as, strengths and limitations of dispositional and evolutionary and biological personality theories their bearing onRead MoreTrait Theory And Social Cognitive Theories1190 Words   |  5 Pages Both Trait theory and Social Cognitive Theories are currently and have been very influential in describing personalities in people over the years. They have both similar and opposite qualities as well and seem to work off of each other at times in my opinion. Although many theories are still helpful in some ways, I feel like these two are more beneficial due to them bringing a more positive approach to describing personalities and giving the person more control over their own behavioral change ratherRead MoreA Broundaryless Organization A re Organizations That Are1709 Words   |  7 Pagesbroundaryless organization are organizations that are not defined or limited by horizontal, vertical, or external boundaries imposed by a predetermined structure (Griffin). Boundaryless organizations also have a strong emphasis on teams. Officer Jack Welch the Chief Executive of General Electronics’ came up with the term of a boundaryless organization. This report would help Gerd Finger company Newskool Grooves understand how to make the company competitive and successful as a boundaryless organization in the

Case Study on The Rise and Fall of the Tyco Empire and its CEO

Question: Explain about a Case Study on The Rise and Fall of the Tyco Empire and its CEO? Answer: 1: Tyco was founded in 1960 by Arthur J. Rosenberg, which began its working as an investment and holding company focused on the energy and solid state science conservation. It developed first sustained beamed laser for medical procedures and with the profits and growth model the company became public trading company (CAREY, 2000). The high technology development resulted in growth of sales, high profitability and created economies of scale in the market as more of the laboratories of experimentation and other managerial units were acquired in 1973. Tyco adopted the model of acquisition as its growth strategy by acquiring sixteen companies in 1982 with $500 million consolidated sales (Bianco, Symonds, Byrnes, Polek, 2002). This absorption of the company increased its profitability and the volume of sales along with the growth model through acquisitions. The company restructured itself in the four major segments: Healthcare and Specialty Products, Fire and Security Services, Electrica l and Electronic Components and Flow Control in 1990s and changed as Tyco International in order to reflect the global presence of Tyco (CAREY, 2000). The company acquired multiple global companies and regarded aggressive acquisition strategy for the expansion of Tyco. This acquisition supported Tycos innovation and growth strategies with end to end services, technology and retail analytical solutions. The strategies consisted of high tech solutions for protecting the high tech inventory which helped to increase the bottom line and enhance the smart service platforms. In the initial years under the leadership of Dennis Kozlowski in 1975, the leader acquired more than 100 corporate companies for expanding the operations of Tyco (Stephens, Vance and Pettegrew, 2012). The initiatives in development of research and development program in management, engineering and technology solutions, and enhancing the safety and security system in the organization including cloud enabled access, cost effective solution to its customers needs made Tyco more powerful and a largest pure play fire protection and security company. Thus the company focused on integration of advanced solutions in its system and data within Tyco architecture that included the third party products, software, services and protection data (Bianco, Symonds, Byrnes, Polek, 2002). Tyco established various support systems, security protocols and policies for data protection, which enhanced system reliability, integrity and responsiveness (CAREY, 2000). 2: In 1970s the company boomed the market with its consolidated sales that reached to $34 million and the stockholders equity increased to $15 million ("Tyco International Ltd", 2001). The growth continued with the high innovation and technology operations in the company and a start of the acquisition era for the company. During 1980s an aggressive acquisition strategy which developed the operation in the three major categories of business segment Packaging, Fire protection and Electronics and the implementation of the new products strategies globally to achieve the market share in new product lines (Talamo, 2011). The acquisitions were good as the growth strategy but the companys policies and ethics were somewhere declining with the growing profitability and market share (CAREY, 2000). The commitment of the enterprise was to protect the businesses, property and people and hence the expansion over the 100 major global countries was its aim ("Tyco International Ltd", 2001). Tyco regar ded as the major and largest innovated maker and service provider of electronic components and electrical in the early 80s made it grow and capture various markets ("Tyco International Ltd", 2001). The gradual powers of the management were seeing a decline in management control as Tyco absorbed many companies but witnessed unbalance between corporate and people ethics. The circumstances recognized were the enhanced diversification, increase in effectiveness of the new acquisitions and reduction in corporate risks strengthened the stability of the company gradually with its policies. The major players in the company at that time frame of 1990s were Dennis Kozlowsky as CEO and Board Chairman, Mark Belnick as Chief Legal Counselor and officer, and Mark Swartz as Chief Financial Officer, who contributed to this rising empire (Bianco, Symonds, Byrnes, Polek, 2002). The strategies were implemented to achieve the market share. In the early years under the leadership of Dennis Kozlowsky ta king the aggressive acquisition strategies to capture 1000 companies in a decade and reflected its global presence ("Tyco International Ltd", 2001). This rise was noticed from 1990 to 2000 which made the company and its management stands strong in the global market (PENDERS, PAVLIN KAMERMANS, 2011). The Corporate governance system in the company was the strength for the company. 3: Between the years 1997 and 2001 the revenue of the company climbed up to 49 percent annually with the profit margins increasing up to 21 percent (Pride, Hughes Kapoor, 2012). In 2002 February, the company spent $8 billion over an acquisition of around seven hundred companies who were dissatisfied from this arrangement of merging and the outcome was not that profitable (Research, 2016). The leadership style which was more of charismatic for Dennis Kozlowsky has decentralized the structure of the organization with the few people in the board accurately understanding the finances and other operational activities of the firm (CAREY, 2000). The split of the four divisions were done under 13 percent of electrical and electronic components, 53 percent of fire protection, packaging material of 11 percent and the other flow control devices of 23 percent into the independent public trading company ("Tyco International Ltd", 2001). This led to the complicated structure of the company and th e inefficiency of the management with this division. In 2002, the large sums of money were noticed to move in the New York State Bank Account of Tyco. The unusual happening was that the funds were transferred in the Dennis Kozlowskys personal bank account. The authorities discovered that Dennis Kozlowsky ignored the import taxes of around $1 million (Nyse.com, 2016). The purchasing done in the rare art work of around $14 million made it a big question for all the stakeholders. The increase in the luxury and the fixed costs soon exhausted the economies of scale (Collins, 2012). The fraud of sending the empty painting box at the apartments of Dennis Kozlowsky to the New Hampshire with invoices was caught by the authorities. The tax evasion, the fraudulence practice in the organization by selling additional stock options of $430 million and allegedly stealing $170 million from Tyco all were proven and were against Dennis Kozlowsky, CEO of Tyco who had to resign from this position after this scandal (Tyco.com, 2016). These were not just the crime rather scandal had just begun and so was the downfall of Tyco International. In 2005 the two, Swartz and Kozlowsky, were found guilty on twenty two grand conspiracies, larceny and falsifying of the business records and violation of the business law ("Tyco International Ltd", 2001). 4: After the resignation of Dennis Kozlowsky, the new CEO Edward Breen replaced him and the first step taken was re-examining the financial in order to examine the effective tax rate for the year 2002 (Collins, 2012). The financial results were restated after the review (Benoit, 2016). The new management team of Tyco and after a year of prospection there were no more frauds found and the company had to repeatedly restate the financial results as the previous management was into the aggressive accounting and increased its reported earnings and if the conservatism GAAP principles were adopted the results would not had been same (CAREY, 2000). The company filed a suit against Swartz and Kozlowsky and the insiders were sued for the profited selling and buying of stocks of the company. Edward Breen had launched the corporate governance practices and companys accounting review in order to determine the area from where the fraud occurred. Secondly the new CEO hired the Vice President of Tyc os corporate governance, Eric Pillmore who incorporate the elements of corporate culture in the organization which were broadly three stated as- accountability, strong and ethical corporate leadership and behavior tracking processes, all these lacked in leadership of Dennis Kozlowsky, by incorporating these ethical tools in the organization and the effective management contribution done on ethical programs (Cannon, 2012). Edward Breen was awarded as the best manager by Business Week that enhanced the corporate governance and business ethics of the company (Bartos, 2012). The strategies suggested by the new CEO, Edward Breen, had separated the three companies into its parent company, setting the standards in accordance with the business goals for each department and level of employees, which helped in restoring the sources and achieve economies of scale (CAREY, 2000). The fundamental steps were taken for the company and management for developing long term sustainability and corporate culture as the aim of the leadership of Edward Breen (Stephens, Vance and Pettegrew, 2012). 5: The case study of Tyco and its scandal offered major learning lessons for the business world which is particularly in the area of business ethics, corporate culture and conduct. The strategy of aggressive acquisitions were at a continuous growth which resulted in $28 billion revenue in 2000, in fiscal year 2001 the New York Stock Exchange closed Tyco shares which were priced as $59 and the 2002 prices were plummeted due to the scandal as there was loss of more than $7 million on that year (Nyse.com, 2016). According to Stephens, Vance and Pettegrew (2012) the causes of the fraud were not just the business ethics violation of laws but also the accounting frauds where CEO Dennis Kozlowsky with Mark Swartz as Chief Financial Officer and prior General Council were allowing the loans as the bonuses, low interest loans and free interest practices, the unauthorized pay and abusing the program of Key Employee Loan. They had also been charging the personal purchased within the company and practiced illegal selling of stocks of worth $450 million (Tyco.com, 2016). The bribery was given to the other employees of the company and the large amounts to not to disclose the suspicious accounts. In 2002, after the frauds were uncovered for both the CEO and CFO, they were charged with Conspiracy, Corruption, Falsifying records and Thievery (CAREY, 2000). The main focus of the case study is to how one could control this from happening and the new CEO Edward Breen enforced strategies for Tyco Internationals Cultural sustainability. External auditors, providing regular monitoring and check on the financial statements so the company must hire second auditing company (Duska, Duska Ragatz, 2011). Internal Auditor is the person at higher power, the CEO is the one who also needs to be monitored by the corporate governance authority stated by Stephens, Vance and Pettegrew (2012). The policies and programs to be incorporated for training and education about the corporate ethics and cul ture to all the employees and enforcing standards and ensuring the ethics and morals are being practiced by one and all. The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles were violated that consisted of Principle of Conservatism where the company value accounted to $500 million due to attempt of boosting their earnings, there was no transparency on the financial accounts so the full disclosure principle was violated and the violation of economic entity assumption was violated as the CEO took advantage of being the person at highest authority however they spent on the luxurious items and purchased personal item with the stolen money(Abor, Graham Yawson, 2010). References Abor, J., Graham, M., Yawson, A. (2010). Corporate Governance and Restructuring Activities Following Completed Bids. 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Retrieved 17 January 2016, from https://www.nyse.com/index PENDERS, A., PAVLIN, G., KAMERMANS, M. (2011). A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE SCALE DISTRIBUTED REASONING SYSTEMS. International Journal On Artificial Intelligence Tools, 20(06), 1083-1106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021821301100053x Pride, W., Hughes, R., Kapoor, J. (2012). Business. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Stephens, W., Vance, C. and Pettegrew, L., 2012. In Focus Embracing Ethics And An Analytic Essay for the Accounting Profession. THE CPA JOURNAL, January 2012, pp.16-21. Talamo, G. (2011). Corporate governance and capital flows. Corporate Governance: The International Journal Of Business In Society, 11(3), 228-243. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14720701111138661 Tyco International Ltd. (2001). World Pumps, 2001(415), 5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(01)80116-4 Tyco.com,. (2016). Home - Advancing safety and security worldwide | Tyco. Retrieved 17 January 2016, from https://www.tyco.com/